Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (softskill BAHASA INGGRIS 2)

SBY's Decision Finally Accepted by KPK

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com - The antigraft body KPK eventually  accepted the government regulation in lieu of law (Perppu) produced by President Yudhoyono to fill vacancies in the KPK.
  
"We accept the reality. The Perppu is issued by the president as a state institution," KPK associate chairman M Jasin said after meeting with members of the team of five appointed by the president to implement the Perppu,  here on Friday.
   
He said “KPK is a state institution carrying out state duties” (1). As a state institution KPK could not deny the head of state’s stance. "We are carrying out a task. It is impossible for us to reject," Jasin said.
  
However, he said he had suggested that the team of five chose KPK staffers or former KPK chairmen to act as acting chairmen (2). In that way, he said, they could immediately start working  along with the remaining  KPK chairmen without necessarily endangering KPK’s independence.
  
Jasin said it was alright if there were people who opposed KPK’s stance but "KPK as a state insitution has to accept reality." He said the KPK chairmen had already informed the team of lawyers defending KPK so far about the stance (3). He had explained  them the reasons for accepting the Perppu.
  
So far several lawyers who formed a team to defend KPK had rejected the issuance of the Perppu which they considered a form of  legitimization by the president of police efforts to name KPK chairmen Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra M Hamzah suspects.
  
The lawyers said the legal process at the police was full of conflicting interests. Jasin did not confirm if the lawyers agreed with the KPK’s stance.

He stated he had advised those rejecting the stance not to act on behalf of KPK. "If they still reject the Perppu and do not act on behalf of KPK, well, go ahead."
  
Based on information,  the team of lawyers had split after KPK accepted the Perppu. Some of them would defend Bibit Samad and Chandra Hamzah while others would continue to defend KPK as an institution.
  
Earlier Jasin told the media that he did not agree with the issuance of the  Perppu for directly naming acting KPK chairmen. "If the Perppu is meant for directly naming the acting chairmen whose track records or integrity are not proven yet it would be dangerous because they would know  the secret data in the KPK," Jasin said.
  
At the time he said that the remaining two chairmen of the KPK  still met collective leadership system requirements called for by the law on KPK.

http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2009/09/26/03133934/sbys.decision.finally.accepted.by.kpk

Indonesia and Phillipine Unite Forces to Counter Terrorism

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com - The Indonesian and Philippine navies have agreed to intensify sea patrols to deal with arms smuggling and terrorism, a top Indonesian naval officer said.  The two navies had so far conducted routine joint patrols along their common sea borders in a coordinated way, Indonesian Naval Chief of Staff Admiral Agus Suhartono said on Monday.
   
"In April we will conduct joint patrols to curb  smuggling activity and terrorist acts," (4) he said. He admitted the two navies had often found it difficult to catch  red-handed terrorism-related arms smugglers.
Philippine-registered ships which employed Indonesian nationals often carried basic necessaries to be exchanged with marine products in the coastal areas of North Maluku, he said. "(The crew members) often capitalize on the situation to smuggle in weapons. But when we are about to catch them they throw the weapons into the sea. So we have difficulty catching them red-handed," he said.
   
He said the Indonesian Navy had also been conducting joint patrols with the Malaysian, Singapore and Thai navies in securing the Malacca Strait  (5). Separately, on Monday, spokesman of the Indonesian National Defense Forces (TNI) Commodore Sagom Tamboen said the navy had been tightening its patrols in waterways across the country particularly those often used by foreign ships as part of its efforts to prevent  smuggling activity and terrorist acts.

http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/03/23/05314658/Indonesia.and.Phillipine.Unite.Forces.to.Counter.Terrorism



Keterangan :
1.    Direct Speech  Present Continous
2.    Indirect Speech  Past Perfect
3.    Indirect Speech  Simple Past
4.    Direct Speech  Simple Future
5.    Indirect Speech  Past Continous

SIKLUS EKONOMI

Siklus ekonomi

Anatomi siklus ekonomi,

• kegiatan ekonomi cepat

Adalah tercapainya puncak kegiatan dari kegiatan atau pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat.

• kelesuan

Adalah berhentinya laju pertumbuhan ekonomi yang disebabkan tersendatnya laju pertumbuhan yang hanya sedikit.

• kemerosotan

Adalah disebabkan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan yang gulung tikar dan menyababkan banyak pengangguran, hal ini sangat mengganggu proses laju pertumbuhan ekonomi

• pemulihan

Adalah sebuah fase untuk memulihkan kembali perekonomian

Durasi siklus dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya

• Siklus jangka pendek, durasi 40 bulan, sinar matahari merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhinya.

• Siklus jangka menengah, durasi 7-11 tahun, sunspot merupakan salah satu faktor yang bisa mempengaruhinya.

• Siklus jangka panjang, durasi 38-60 tahun, inovasi-inovasi yang dilakukan, merupakan bagian dari faktor yang mempengaruhinya.

Siklus ekonomi, kesempatan kerja dan inflasi

Pemikiran siklusnya : teknologi konstan, barang modal tetap dan tenaga kerja (variabel berubah)

Seandainya output lebih kecil dari output natural maka tingkat pengangguran meningkat. Dan sedangkan jika output rill lebih kecil dari dapa output natural maka akan terjadi inflasi.

Pengelola siklus ekonomi

Biasanya untuk mandapatkan hasil negatif diperlukan kebijakan-kebijakan antara lain dibidang moneter dan fiskal, yaitu kebijakan jangka pendek untuk mempengaruhi permintaan dan penawaran jangka pendek, kebijakan jangka panjang tujuannya untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang tinggi dan meminimalisir simpangan pertumbuhan ekonomi untuk stimulasi penawaran.

Siklus ekonomi Indonesia

Siklus ekonomi Indonesia sejak era kemerdekaan sampai sekarang, durasi yang dapat dikategorikan dalam gelombang jangka pendek (tujuh tahunan) dan jangka panjang (35 tahunan). Gelombang jangka pendek tujuh tahunan dapat diringkas sebagai berikut

Tahun 1945 - 1952 Ekonomi Perang

Tahun 1952 - 1959 Pembangunan Ekonomi Nasional

Tahun 1959 - 1966 Ekonomi Komando

Tahun 1966 - 1973 Demokrasi Ekonomi

Tahun 1973 - 1980 Ekonomi Minyak

Tahun 1980 - 1987 Ekonomi Keprihatinan

Tahun 1987 - 1994 Ekonomi Konglomerasi

           Tahun 1994 - 2001 Ekonomi Kerakyatan